Journal of Animal Breeding and Genomics (J Anim Breed Genom)
Ji-Hyun Son1†, Ki-Hwan Lee1†, Ji-Hong Lee2*, Yang-Mo Koo1*
1Genetic & Breeding Department, Korea Animal Improvement Association, Seocho, 06668, Korea
2Department of Animal Science, Gyeongbuk Provincial College, Yechoen, 36930, Korea
Correspondence to Yang-Mo Koo, E-mail: ghlee2002@korea.kr
†These authors contributed equally to this work.
Volume 8, Number 4, Pages 165-173, December 2024.
Journal of Animal Breeding and Genomics 2024, 8(4), 165-173. https://doi.org/10.12972/jabng.20240409
Received on 23 October, 2024, Revised on 17 December, 2024, Accepted on 20 December, 2024, Published on 31 December, 2024.
Copyright © 2024 Korean Society of Animal Breeding and Genetics.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0).
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of environmental factors on the carcass traits of Hanwoo cattle. We collected carcass data of 1,703,304 animals of castrated cattle, which were raised by Korean beef farmers nationwide from 2009 to 2019 and registered as pedigree with the Korea Animal Improvement Association and Korea Livestock products Quality Evaluation Institute. The final data used for the analysis after pre-removal of missing and outliers were the slaughter data of 970,567 animals slaughtered from farmhouse 4,040, and four traits were considered: Carcass Weight (CW), Eye Muscle Area (EMA), Backfat Thickness (BF), and Marbling Score (MS). In this study, in order to extract more than the appropriate number of samples from 970,141 animals slaughter data , 600 out of 4,040 farms were simply random sampled and all slaughter data of selected farms were extracted. In addition, to increase the accuracy of variance analysis, samples were extracted by repeating 10 times using the SURVEY SELECT procedure of the SAS statistical program (package ver 9.3) and used for analysis. In the general analysis, to determine the normality of the data by analyzing the generality of each breeding trait, the SAS UNIVARIATE procedure was used to test the Komogorov-Smirnov statistic (D) for each trait to determine whether it was close to the normal distribution. All carcass traits were confirmed to follow a normal distribution based on normality tests. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was performed on factors such as slaughter age, production region, slaughter year, and slaughter season using the PROC GLM (Generalized Linear Model) in SAS Package Ver 9.1.3 Service Pack 4. The results of significance tests revealed that all factors, including farm, slaughter year, slaughter season, and slaughter age, had highly significant effects (p<0.01) on all carcass traits. Additionally, carcass performance was influenced by the timing of slaughter, data size, and the level of fixed effects. The results of this study, based on national farm data, provide valuable estimates of environmental effects, serving as foundational data for genetic evaluation of cows in commercial farms. Thus, this information is expected to be directly applicable to improving cow breeding programs.
Hanwoo, Environmental Effects, Carcass Traits
Choi TJ, Choi YH, Cho KH, Choi JG, Lee SS, Park MN, Kim SD, Cho YM, Koo YM, Park BH. 2016. Study on Ultrasonic Measured Traits of Hanwoo Cows around 1st Calving. Journal of the Korean Society of International Agriculture. 28(1)108-112.
[DOI]
Cochran, WG. 1977. Sampling Techniques, Third Edition, NewYork : JohnWiley & Sons, Inc.
Han JM, Lee YS, Kong HS. 2018. The effect of the evaluation factor for genetic improvement associated with economic traits of Hanwoo. Journal of the Korean Data And Information Science Society. 29(5)1279-1286.
[DOI]
Hwang JM, Kim SD, Choi YH, Yoon HB, Park CJ. 2009. Genetic Parameter Estimation of Carcass Traits of Hanwoo Steers. Journal of Animal Science and Technology. 50(5)613-620.
[DOI]
Kim JB, Kim DJ, Lee JK, Lee CY. 2010. Genetic Relationship between carcass traits and carcass price of Korean cattle. Asian-Aust. Journal of Animal Science. Vol.23. No.7:848-854.
[DOI]
Kish L. 1965. Survey Sampling, NewYork : John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Kish L. 1987. Statistical Design for Research, NewYork : John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
[DOI]
Koo YM, Kim SD, Kim JI, Song CE, Lee KH, Jeong YH, Lee JY, Jang HG, Park BH, Choi TJ, Cho KH, Lee SS, Kim HS, Lee JG. 2011. Research of Statistical Model for Genetic Evaluation of Hanwoo Carcass Traits. Journal of Animal Science and Technology. 53(4)283-288.
[DOI]
Lee CW, Song JS, Choi JW, Kim JB. 2019. Gender Effect on the Genetic Evaluation of Hanwoo Carcass Traits. Journal of Agriculture & Life Science. 53(3)85-98.
[DOI]
Lee JG, Choi TJ, Choi YH, Kim SD, Choo HJ, Cho CI, Roh SH, Park B.H. 2016. A Study on Genetic Parameters of Primal cuts and Carcass Traits in Hanwoo. Journal of Agriculture & Life Science. 50(1)179-192.
[DOI]
Lee YS, Lee JY. 2016. Estimation of genetic parameter for carcass traits in commercial Hanwoo steer. Journal of the Korean Data And Information Science Society. 27(3)741-747.
[DOI]
Roh SH, Kim BW, Kim HS, Min HS, Yoon HB, Lee DH, Jeon JT, Lee JG. 2004. Comparison between REML and Bayesian via Gibbs Sampling Algorithm with a Mixed Animal Model to Estimate Genetic Parameters for Carcass Traits in Hanwoo(Korean Native Cattle). Journal of Animal Science and Technology. 46(5)719-728.
[DOI]
Yoon HB, Kim SD, NA SH, Jang EM, Lee HG, Jeon GJ, Lee DH. 2002. Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Carcass Traits in Hanwoo Steer. Journal of animal science and technology. 44(4)383-390.
[DOI]